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Walker (mobility)
A walker or walking frame is a tool for disabled or elderly people who need additional support to maintain balance or stability while walking. The British English common equivalent term for a walker is Zimmer frame, a genericised trademark from Zimmer Holdings, a major manufacturer of such devices and joint replacement parts.
Walkers started appearing in the early 1950s. The first US patent was awarded in 1953 to William Cribbes Robb, of Stretford, England, for a device called "walking aid", which had been filed with the British patent office in August 1949.〔(Walking Aid - US Patent 2656874 ) Retrieved 2012-03-03〕 Two variants with wheels were both awarded US patents in May 1957,〔(Invalid Walker - US Patent 2792052 ) Retrieved 2012-03-03〕〔(Orthopedic Walker - US Patent 2792874 ) Retrieved 2012-03-03〕 and the first non-wheeled design that was called a "walker" was patented in 1965 by Elmer F. Ries of Cincinnati, Ohio.〔(Walker or Walker Aid - US Patent 3165112 ) Retrieved 2012-03-03〕 The first walker to resemble modern walkers was patented in 1970 by Alfred A. Smith of Van Nuys, California.〔(Smith Invalid Walker - US Patent 3517677 ) Retrieved 2012-03-03〕
==Design==
The basic design consists of a lightweight frame that is about waist high, approximately 12 inches (30 cm) deep and slightly wider than the user. Walkers are also available in other sizes such as pediatric (for children) or bariatric (for obese persons). Modern walkers are height adjustable and should be set at a height that is comfortable for the user, but will allow the user to maintain a slight bend in their arms. This bend is needed to allow for proper blood circulation through the arms as the walker is used. The front two legs of the walker may or may not have wheels attached, depending on the strength and abilities of the person using it. It is also common to see caster wheels or glides on the back legs of a walker with wheels on the front; additionally felt products adapted to glide with the legs such as adhesive feet, along with tennis balls with holes cut into them to place them onto the legs are also utilized on surfaces such as hardwood, epoxy and linoleum flooring common to institutions.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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